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Roth-Stone建立的（对1M开叫的）1NT逼应叫方法，其真正的意义在于：完善了现代桥牌1M（5高，或叫M5+）开叫体系的后续逻辑，从而M5+体系在竞叫效率对M4+体系的碾压效用，得以被广大牌手所接受！现在有对1NT逼应叫有疑惑的讨论，只在用还是不用（比如pass过的应叫方）上，而不是进一步探讨1NT逼应叫能给体系带来更多的益处。
再者，现代桥牌最伟大的发明，就是lebensohl约定叫了，这里必须认识到：对对方的2阶竞叫，己方要么可以惩罚对方，要么直接叫上个成局的3NT。所以，竞叫2NT的自然含义就失去了实战意义；因此拿来做leben约定叫，就能区分应叫人必须在3阶出来的花色，是强牌还是弱牌了。（应叫人平级可叫的5个叫品中，对方一个、2NT一个；另外3个要区分强弱的花色增倍，牺牲了个2NT；那么5个空间，加3减1得7，结论是：leben的表达效率可高达40%的增量。）
现在的焦点在，或说大家都没意识到：1NT逼应叫可以高达11-12HCP邀叫实力（甚至更高），现代方法是再应叫2NT来显示；而本来自然叫牌法二盖一后，再应叫2NT也可以表述了同样的内涵。这里就存在个（等同于leben 2NT的逻辑）冗余设置，所以重做约定，就能扩展出更多分类牌型空间来了。
综上所述，我们不难想到把其中的一个２NT再叫当成leben约定叫来处理，直观的是把（本来就包含弱应叫牌力的）1NT逼应叫后的再应叫2NT定义成自主莱本（auto leben，其后称作：AL）的设置，这样更接近自然进程的习惯用法！命名中，自主（auto）的含义在于，是在对方没参与竞叫时，我们体系自发产生的主动行为。
在使用1NT逼应叫时，对牌型的分类，首先可定约的是：a/低限应叫牌力，b/或邀叫牌力对开叫花色有支持，但没旁花（5+张）长套或没什么明显特征的均牌；c/其次，赋值leben中的好牌含义，即对开叫花色没直接配合，但有好的旁花长套，必须叫至三阶以显示其有逼局实力的好牌。这里先定约：1NT逼应叫后直接3阶出新花的（非跳叫）再应叫，就是GF实力，等同leben的用法做单色强套好牌的处理方式，并强烈建议打花色成局。
那么直接二盖一以上应叫（或所有：非1NT逼应叫叫品），就是那些：要么是对开叫有配合，想出长套找第二花色配合；或类似4441牌型期望在低阶显示单缺（mini splinter）；再或者就是（对开叫花色无支持）有不怎么好的旁花长套，其后只想奔NT的邀叫以上实力的牌型。对跳叫性应叫先插入个约定叫：直接的跳新花做配合显示叫=对同伴刚叫的花色有支持，所叫新花长套，以寻求AKQ一张的支持就能基本树立（如果有2张的话就能完全获取该套长套张数了）。
这里可以发现，如果应叫人有GF实力，又初步设想叫3NT的牌，其实都是可以先做二盖一应叫出个4张套的；那么，①直接的应叫3NT②或1NT逼应叫后的再应叫3NT③以及再应叫2NT做auto leben后的3NT，也都成了自主莱本体系所将带来的冗余设置了。所以定约成：应叫人GF实力，对开叫花色不支持，而持有不错的双套旁花的处理。（原则设置为：高花快叫低花慢叫，①=双高，②=顶底，③=双低；后续随进程做某些自然的修正）
自主莱本（AL）体系的大框架建立起来了，下面对细节做弥补：
1、开叫1H后，应叫1S和1NT做交换：即1S=接力（逼应叫，其后都称作：接力），再叫1NT=S4；而直接应叫1NT=低限S5+。应叫人1S~2S=11+，S5+。4333牌型，应叫1S后，加级回叫H（如果开叫人没叫NT以显示S4的话），显示所谓（b/）无明显特征的牌型。
2、在1H 1S或1S 1NT做接力逼应叫后，开叫人叫出来新花，那么再应叫2NT（开AL），但又回到开叫人的第二花色，并表示对开叫花色有支持的（b/）无特征牌型，做双套配合的邀叫性加叫（force to 3M）；而直接再应叫加叫开叫人的第二花色做一般的建设性回叫，对开叫花色没支持。
3、（补充及修正），如果接力后开叫人再叫出第二花色的新花，这里应叫人做跳新花=对开叫第二花色的配合显示叫，就能把前面的双套结构给显示了！其中更多的含义在于显示对开叫第一花色有不怎么样的支持情况，并且其后的3NT拉叫双套修正为另外2个花色长套的自然一口清快速描述处理。
4、接力后开叫人回叫2C，这里缺少一个空间以表示C配合的邀叫结构，而应叫人回2NT做AL处理，必然是好牌了！所以开叫人后续可不必傻傻地逼叫回3C，而是做3D/oM超转=报新花支持，并暗示第四花色单缺；当然简单回叫3C=轻开叫不接受邀叫，超叫3M=另外2个花色都没支持，而超叫到3NT=5224了；这样的处理，等于把应叫人本来该探讨的进程，现在由开叫人自动报答了。（对于一般自然体系1M带5332牌型的情况下，在被逼叫后，2C再叫做唯一的模糊处理叫品，那么，其后续也可以是上述的方法处理。）
5、11+，二盖一出套是只保证4张的；4441牌型，这里我们用逆应叫来处理这样的三色套牌型，也相当于在3阶做了个（没叫出花色的）mini splinter。如果也从二盖一起步，再应叫回开叫花色，这里保证应叫花色是5+的。有区别于前面的约定叫跳新花的配合显示叫，这里只在邀叫至只满足成局定约，5张套也没前面所述的强度。
6、解决简单加叫开叫花色与接力后回叫开叫花色的重置：现在没特征的弱牌加叫开叫花色都可以先用接力了，那么直接加叫可以设计成带一个旁花长套的结构来弥补应叫结构上的漏洞。这里建议1M 2M=低限6-9，M3+oM5+，把低限一口清的牌做oM细节描述的补丁。
7、（对现代自然体系）极端的可以把：1M 2m=设计成6-9，m5+M3+或10+，m4+；需要改动的进程是1M 2m，2NT=18-19，就当二盖一是假的，要等待应叫人再次确认。但对oM的处理（1S 2H），保留自然进程。
8、AL进程中的跳新花=对第二套的配合显示叫，GF，没问题，有补充的是，比如1S 1NT，2H 4m这样的结构，要在4阶才能显示，这里不是splinter或其它含义的扣叫，要做明确说明；这里的用法表示的是有满贯意图的，否则可以先3m出套GF，再回叫开叫人的第二花色封局，那只是满足于成局的用法了！
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自主莱本（Auto leben）
#2
- Group: Full Members
- Posts: 155
- Joined: 2012-June-10
- Gender:Male
Posted 2023-June-19, 10:33
Auto lebensohl
preface for AL
The true significance of Roth-Stone's 1NT forcing responding method (for 1M calls) is improving the subsequent logic of the modern bridge 1M (5+ major, or M5+) bidding system, so that the M5+system's crushing effect on the M4+system in bidding efficiency can be accepted by a large number of players! There is currently a discussion on whether to use or not to use 1NT mandatory bidding (such as after a passed hand), rather than further exploring how 1NT mandatory bidding can bring more benefits to the system furthermore.
The greatest invention of modern bridge is the lebensohl contract bidding. lt must be recognized that for a second level bidding of the opponent, one can either punish the other or directly call a successful 3NT to game. So, the natural meaning of bidding for 2NT has lost its practical significance, Therefore, by using it as a leben convention call, one can distinguish between the suit that the caller must play at level 3.whether it is a strong or weak card. (Among the 5 items that responded at the same level, one responded from the other party and one responded from 2NT. The other 3 items need to differentiate between strong and weak suits. which results in a doubling of 2NT. Therefore, for the 5 spaces, adding 3 and subtracting 1 yields 7. The conclusion is that the expression efficiency of leben can be increased by up to 40%.)
The current focus is. or rather. no one is aware that 1NT(forcing respd bidding). can be high to 11-12HCP,as an invitation pattern (or even higher), and modern methods responded 2NT to display it; However, after the natural bidding method of 2/1 process, the same connotation can be expressed by re-respond 2NT. There is a redundant setting here(equivalent to leben 2NT's logic), so by redoing the convention, more classification card space can be expanded.
In summary, it is not difficult for us to think of one of the 2NTs as a real leben renaming convention. Intuitively, we define the renaming of the 2NT，after the 1NT forcing call(which originally includes weak pattern) as the setting of autonomous leben (later referred to as AL), which is closer to the idiom of natural processes! in naming, the meaning of autonomy is that it refers to the spontaneous and proactive behavior of our system when the other party does not participate in the bidding.
When using 1NT forcing bidding, the classification of card types can first be contracted as follows: a)low limit bidding power, b)or invitation bidding strength has support for open suit, but there is no side suit (5+cards) long suit or no obvious characteristics of the balanced hand; c)Secondly, the meaning of "good hands" in the assignment leben means that if there is no fit to open suit patterns, but there are good side suits , that must be called to the third level to show forcing game. Let's make a contract here: After a forcing 1NT, and then responder directly call out a new suit (not jump shift calls) in level 3. This is the GF strength, which is equivalent to leben's use of a single strong suit of good hands. lt is strongly recommended to play a game.
So, directly 2/1 process or more responding (or all that: non 1NT forcing calls), which are those: either the split call has a match, come up with a long suit to find a second suit match, Or similar to the 4441 card type, it is expected to display a mini splinter at a lower level, Alternatively, there may be (no support for open suit patterns) having a side suit long suit that is not so very good, and later only wanting to compete with NT's invitation to call for card types with the above strength. For jumping shift calls, first, insert a convention call: directly jump new suit to show support for the partner's just called pattern, and the new suit can be basically established by seeking a AKQ support (if there are 2 pieces, you can fully obtain the number of long suits).
Here, it can be found that if the responder has GF strength and apreliminary idea is to call a 3NT. in fact, can first do 2/1 bidding and respond out a 4-cards suit; So, 1) directly calling 3NT after open, 2) or 1NT forcing,3NT after re-open, 3)and 3NT after calling 2NT for auto leben have all become redundant settings that AL system will bring. So it is agreed that the responder should have GF strength, and do not support the open call pattern, while holding a good double sets of side suit. (The principle is set as follows: high suit fast call low suit slow call, 1)=double high, 2)=top bottom, 3)=double low; some natural modifications will be made as the process progresses)
The overall framework of the autonomous leben (AL) system has been established and the details will be supplemented as follows.
1、After open bid 1H, exchange for 1S and 1NT responding : that is.1S=relay (forcing call, later referred to as relay), and re-open 1NT=S4; Instead, respond 1NT=lower limit S5+. Responder’s 1S-2S=11+, S5+. The 4333 card type, is to call back to H after 1S relay bid (if opener did not call NT to display S4), displaying the so-called b) card type with no obvious features
2、After performing a relay call in 1H 1S or 1S 1NT, if re-open a new suit, and respond 2NT (Open AL ) , but then re-respond the second suit at level 3 and indicate that there is support for the open’s 2rd suit b) in the featureless card type. Make a double fit of invitation to call (force to 3M), And directly adding a call to the second suit of the opener, making a general constructive call back ,but does not support the open suit.
3、(Supplement and correction),after the relay process ,followed by re-openning of a new second suit, responder here to do jump shift a new suit=means to fit the open’s second suit, so that we can show the previous double set structure! More importantly, it shows that there is not much support for the first suit of the open call, And the subsequent jump 3NT means double suits has been corrected to a natural and quick description of the other two long suits.
4、After the relay, but re-open 2C. There is a lack of space here to represent the invitation structure for C to cooperate. instead, call back to 2NT for AL processing, which must be a good hand! So there's no need to foolishly force to call back 3C in the future, but to over-transfer to 3D/oM =report new suit support, and suggest that the fourth suit is short; Of course, simply calling back 3C only means lightly open hand and not accepting invitations. Over-transfer to 3M means not supporting the other two suits. and over-transfer to 3NT=5224: This kind of processing is equivalent to automatically replying the process that the opener should have discussed. (For the general natural system 1M with 5332 card types, after being forced to bid, 2C can be called the only fuzzy processed bid, and the subsequent processing can also be done using the above method.)
5、11+, 4 cards are guaranteed for 2/1 process; And only 4441 type.here we use reverse bid to handle such a trisuit deck type, which is equivalent to making a mini splitter (without calling out the suit) at level 3. lf we also start 2/1 process and should respond the open suit, so that ensure the responding suit is 5+. There is a difference from the previous agreement called "Jumping Shift", where the fitting display only limited between invitation and game, and the strength of the suit is not so strong.
6、The solution is to reset the simple add call and call back after a relay: weak hands with no features can now use the relay then call back process. Therefore, direct add calls can be designed as a structure with a side suit to compensate for the loopholes in the bidding process. Here. it is recommended that:1M 2M=low limit 6-9. M3+oM5+, and patch the oM detail description of the low limit pattern.
7、For modern natural systems, the extreme can be designed as: 1M 2m=6-9;m5+M3+,or 10+, m4+; The process that needs to be modified is 1M 2m, with re-open 2NT=18-19 process,it is considered that this 2/1 bids are fake, and need to wait for confirmation from the responsible person again. But for the processing of oM (1S 2H) natural processes are preserved.
8、Jumping Shift in the AL process=reveals fit for the second suit, GF. But it should be added that structures such as 1S 1NT , 2H 4m ,that can only be displayed in level 4, and this is not a cue bid for splinter or other meanings. lt needs to be clearly explained; The usage here indicates that there is a slam intention, otherwise you can first set GF of 3m and then call back to open the opener's second suit to block the game, which is only satisfied with the usage of the winning game!
preface for AL
The true significance of Roth-Stone's 1NT forcing responding method (for 1M calls) is improving the subsequent logic of the modern bridge 1M (5+ major, or M5+) bidding system, so that the M5+system's crushing effect on the M4+system in bidding efficiency can be accepted by a large number of players! There is currently a discussion on whether to use or not to use 1NT mandatory bidding (such as after a passed hand), rather than further exploring how 1NT mandatory bidding can bring more benefits to the system furthermore.
The greatest invention of modern bridge is the lebensohl contract bidding. lt must be recognized that for a second level bidding of the opponent, one can either punish the other or directly call a successful 3NT to game. So, the natural meaning of bidding for 2NT has lost its practical significance, Therefore, by using it as a leben convention call, one can distinguish between the suit that the caller must play at level 3.whether it is a strong or weak card. (Among the 5 items that responded at the same level, one responded from the other party and one responded from 2NT. The other 3 items need to differentiate between strong and weak suits. which results in a doubling of 2NT. Therefore, for the 5 spaces, adding 3 and subtracting 1 yields 7. The conclusion is that the expression efficiency of leben can be increased by up to 40%.)
The current focus is. or rather. no one is aware that 1NT(forcing respd bidding). can be high to 11-12HCP,as an invitation pattern (or even higher), and modern methods responded 2NT to display it; However, after the natural bidding method of 2/1 process, the same connotation can be expressed by re-respond 2NT. There is a redundant setting here(equivalent to leben 2NT's logic), so by redoing the convention, more classification card space can be expanded.
In summary, it is not difficult for us to think of one of the 2NTs as a real leben renaming convention. Intuitively, we define the renaming of the 2NT，after the 1NT forcing call(which originally includes weak pattern) as the setting of autonomous leben (later referred to as AL), which is closer to the idiom of natural processes! in naming, the meaning of autonomy is that it refers to the spontaneous and proactive behavior of our system when the other party does not participate in the bidding.
When using 1NT forcing bidding, the classification of card types can first be contracted as follows: a)low limit bidding power, b)or invitation bidding strength has support for open suit, but there is no side suit (5+cards) long suit or no obvious characteristics of the balanced hand; c)Secondly, the meaning of "good hands" in the assignment leben means that if there is no fit to open suit patterns, but there are good side suits , that must be called to the third level to show forcing game. Let's make a contract here: After a forcing 1NT, and then responder directly call out a new suit (not jump shift calls) in level 3. This is the GF strength, which is equivalent to leben's use of a single strong suit of good hands. lt is strongly recommended to play a game.
So, directly 2/1 process or more responding (or all that: non 1NT forcing calls), which are those: either the split call has a match, come up with a long suit to find a second suit match, Or similar to the 4441 card type, it is expected to display a mini splinter at a lower level, Alternatively, there may be (no support for open suit patterns) having a side suit long suit that is not so very good, and later only wanting to compete with NT's invitation to call for card types with the above strength. For jumping shift calls, first, insert a convention call: directly jump new suit to show support for the partner's just called pattern, and the new suit can be basically established by seeking a AKQ support (if there are 2 pieces, you can fully obtain the number of long suits).
Here, it can be found that if the responder has GF strength and apreliminary idea is to call a 3NT. in fact, can first do 2/1 bidding and respond out a 4-cards suit; So, 1) directly calling 3NT after open, 2) or 1NT forcing,3NT after re-open, 3)and 3NT after calling 2NT for auto leben have all become redundant settings that AL system will bring. So it is agreed that the responder should have GF strength, and do not support the open call pattern, while holding a good double sets of side suit. (The principle is set as follows: high suit fast call low suit slow call, 1)=double high, 2)=top bottom, 3)=double low; some natural modifications will be made as the process progresses)
The overall framework of the autonomous leben (AL) system has been established and the details will be supplemented as follows.
1、After open bid 1H, exchange for 1S and 1NT responding : that is.1S=relay (forcing call, later referred to as relay), and re-open 1NT=S4; Instead, respond 1NT=lower limit S5+. Responder’s 1S-2S=11+, S5+. The 4333 card type, is to call back to H after 1S relay bid (if opener did not call NT to display S4), displaying the so-called b) card type with no obvious features
2、After performing a relay call in 1H 1S or 1S 1NT, if re-open a new suit, and respond 2NT (Open AL ) , but then re-respond the second suit at level 3 and indicate that there is support for the open’s 2rd suit b) in the featureless card type. Make a double fit of invitation to call (force to 3M), And directly adding a call to the second suit of the opener, making a general constructive call back ,but does not support the open suit.
3、(Supplement and correction),after the relay process ,followed by re-openning of a new second suit, responder here to do jump shift a new suit=means to fit the open’s second suit, so that we can show the previous double set structure! More importantly, it shows that there is not much support for the first suit of the open call, And the subsequent jump 3NT means double suits has been corrected to a natural and quick description of the other two long suits.
4、After the relay, but re-open 2C. There is a lack of space here to represent the invitation structure for C to cooperate. instead, call back to 2NT for AL processing, which must be a good hand! So there's no need to foolishly force to call back 3C in the future, but to over-transfer to 3D/oM =report new suit support, and suggest that the fourth suit is short; Of course, simply calling back 3C only means lightly open hand and not accepting invitations. Over-transfer to 3M means not supporting the other two suits. and over-transfer to 3NT=5224: This kind of processing is equivalent to automatically replying the process that the opener should have discussed. (For the general natural system 1M with 5332 card types, after being forced to bid, 2C can be called the only fuzzy processed bid, and the subsequent processing can also be done using the above method.)
5、11+, 4 cards are guaranteed for 2/1 process; And only 4441 type.here we use reverse bid to handle such a trisuit deck type, which is equivalent to making a mini splitter (without calling out the suit) at level 3. lf we also start 2/1 process and should respond the open suit, so that ensure the responding suit is 5+. There is a difference from the previous agreement called "Jumping Shift", where the fitting display only limited between invitation and game, and the strength of the suit is not so strong.
6、The solution is to reset the simple add call and call back after a relay: weak hands with no features can now use the relay then call back process. Therefore, direct add calls can be designed as a structure with a side suit to compensate for the loopholes in the bidding process. Here. it is recommended that:1M 2M=low limit 6-9. M3+oM5+, and patch the oM detail description of the low limit pattern.
7、For modern natural systems, the extreme can be designed as: 1M 2m=6-9;m5+M3+,or 10+, m4+; The process that needs to be modified is 1M 2m, with re-open 2NT=18-19 process,it is considered that this 2/1 bids are fake, and need to wait for confirmation from the responsible person again. But for the processing of oM (1S 2H) natural processes are preserved.
8、Jumping Shift in the AL process=reveals fit for the second suit, GF. But it should be added that structures such as 1S 1NT , 2H 4m ,that can only be displayed in level 4, and this is not a cue bid for splinter or other meanings. lt needs to be clearly explained; The usage here indicates that there is a slam intention, otherwise you can first set GF of 3m and then call back to open the opener's second suit to block the game, which is only satisfied with the usage of the winning game!
#3
- Group: Advanced Members
- Posts: 7,927
- Joined: 2014-February-18
- Gender:Male
- Location:Italy
Posted 2023-June-20, 01:56
If you want to reach English language readers then I think you will have to improve the translation somehow: maybe your own English is good enough to spot and correct some contortions, or someone who is fluent in both languages can help.
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